Radiation therapy is a highly effective cancer treatment that uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. While it plays a crucial role in controlling and curing various cancers, one of the most common side effects experienced by patients is radiation dermatitis or skin reactions caused by radiation exposure.
Dr. Vineeta Goel, a senior director radiation oncologist at Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi, explains, “Radiation dermatitis is a manageable side effect. With the right care, most patients can complete their treatment without significant skin complications.”
In this blog, we’ll explore what radiation dermatitis is, how it progresses and most importantly, how you can manage and prevent it using tried-and-tested tips from Dr. Goel.
What Is Radiation Dermatitis?
Radiation dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition that occurs due to exposure to radiation during cancer treatment. It’s especially common in treatments targeting areas like the breast, head and neck, pelvis or skin cancers.
Common Symptoms:
- Redness (erythema)
- Dryness and peeling (dry desquamation)
- Moist oozing skin (moist desquamation)
- Itching or burning sensation
- Skin darkening or tanning
- Swelling
- Tenderness or discomfort
Radiation dermatitis typically starts within the first 1–2 weeks of therapy and can worsen over time if not properly managed.
Why Does Radiation Cause Skin Reactions?
Radiation targets rapidly dividing cells, which include not only cancer cells but also healthy skin cells. When skin cells are damaged, the body’s repair mechanisms trigger inflammation, leading to redness, irritation, and peeling. Factors such as the radiation dose, treatment area, frequency and individual skin sensitivity can all influence the severity of dermatitis.
Who Is at Risk?
Patients undergoing radiation therapy for the following cancers are more prone to radiation dermatitis:
- Breast cancer
- Head and neck cancer
- Anal or pelvic cancers
- Skin cancer
Additional risk factors include:
- Higher radiation dose
- Concurrent chemotherapy
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Poor nutritional status
- Pre-existing skin conditions
How to Prevent Radiation Dermatitis?
Dr. Goel emphasizes that prevention is the first line of defense. Here are essential tips to reduce the likelihood and severity of radiation-induced skin damage:
1. Gentle Skincare Routine
- Use fragrance-free, alcohol-free, pH-balanced cleansers.
- Avoid scrubbing or rubbing the treatment area.
- Pat the area dry with a soft towel.
2. Moisturize Regularly
- Apply a recommended radiation-safe moisturizer 2–3 times a day.
- Prefer products like aloe vera gel or aqueous creams.
- Do not apply creams within 2 hours of your radiation session.
3. Avoid Irritants
- Stay away from perfumes, deodorants, talcum powder and tight-fitting clothes on the treated area.
- Wear soft, breathable cotton garments.
4. Protect From Sunlight
- Avoid direct sunlight on the irradiated area.
- If unavoidable, wear protective clothing
5. Don’t Scratch or Pick
- Even if itching is severe, avoid scratching.
- Use cold compresses to ease discomfort.
6. Follow Oncologist’s Instructions Carefully
- Do not self-medicate or use over-the-counter ointments without consulting your radiation oncologist.
Managing Mild to Moderate Radiation Dermatitis
Mild to moderate reactions (Grade 1–2) can usually be managed at home under guidance.
Key Strategies:
- Continue gentle skin care and moisturizing routine.
- Apply prescribed steroid or hydrocortisone creams if recommended.
- Avoid shaving the area unless advised.
- Manage itching with oral antihistamines if necessary.
Dr. Goel shares: “Hydration is key. Drink plenty of water and keep your nutrition optimal—it helps the skin heal faster.”
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience any of the following, inform your radiation team immediately:
- Open sores or weeping skin (moist desquamation)
- Severe pain or burning sensation
- Infection signs (pus, fever, foul odor)
- Blistering or ulcers
Advanced skin reactions (Grade 3–4) may require specialized wound care or temporary suspension of radiation.
The hospital’s state-of-the-art radiation machines and precise planning techniques like IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy) or IGRT (Image-Guided Radiation Therapy) help minimize skin damage by sparing healthy tissues.
FAQs About Radiation Dermatitis
Q. Is radiation dermatitis permanent?
No. In most cases, radiation dermatitis resolves within 2 to 4 weeks after treatment ends.
Q. Can I use coconut oil during radiation?
It’s best to use only products approved by your radiation oncologist. Some oils may trap heat and worsen irritation.
Q. Should I stop radiation therapy if my skin gets red?
No. Mild skin reactions are common. Always consult your oncologist before making any changes.
Why Choose Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh for Radiation Therapy?
Under the expert guidance of Dr. Vineeta Goel, Fortis Hospital offers:
- Personalized radiation treatment plans
- International-standard radiation machines
- Expert nursing and skin care support
- Focus on holistic healing and quality of life
Final Thoughts from Dr. Vineeta Goel
“Radiation dermatitis, though common, should not be feared. With proactive care, patient education, and modern technology, we can ensure minimal discomfort and successful outcomes. Always communicate openly with your oncologist—together we can manage side effects effectively.”
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